用通風(fēng)方法改善車間的空氣環(huán)境，一方面在局部地點(diǎn)或整個(gè)車間把不符合衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的污濁空氣排室外，另一方面，把新鮮空氣或經(jīng)過(guò)凈化符合衛(wèi)生要求的空氣送入室內(nèi)。我們把前者稱為排風(fēng)，把后者稱為進(jìn)風(fēng)。
Ventilation is used to improve the air environment in the workshop. On the one hand, polluted air which does not meet the hygienic standards is discharged to the outdoor in some places or the whole workshop. On the other hand, fresh air or purified air which meets the hygienic requirements is sent into the room. We call the former the exhaust, and the latter is called the air intake.
在集中產(chǎn)生有害物的局部地點(diǎn)，設(shè)置捕集裝置，將有害物排走，以控制有害物向室內(nèi)擴(kuò)散，這種通風(fēng)方法稱為局部排風(fēng)。這是防毒，排塵有效的通風(fēng)方法。
In the locality where harmful substances are concentrated, a trap is set up to discharge harmful substances to control the diffusion of harmful substances into the room. This ventilation method is called local exhaust. This is the most effective ventilation method to prevent dust and dust.
局部排風(fēng)系統(tǒng)由以下幾部分組成：
The local exhaust system consists of the following parts:
(1)局部排風(fēng)罩
(1) local exhaust hood
局部排風(fēng)罩是用來(lái)捕集有害物的。它的性能對(duì)局部排風(fēng)系統(tǒng)的技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo)有直接影響。性能良好的局部排風(fēng)罩，如密閉罩，只要較小的風(fēng)量就可以獲得良好的工作效果。由于生產(chǎn)設(shè)備和操作的不同，排風(fēng)罩的形式是多種多樣的。
Partial exhaust hood is used to capture harmful substances. Its performance has a direct impact on the technical and economic indexes of the local exhaust system. Good performance of local exhaust hood, such as airtight cover, as long as a small amount of air can be achieved good results. Because of the difference in production equipment and operation, the form of exhaust hood is varied.
(2)風(fēng)管
(2) wind pipe
通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)中輸送氣體的管道稱為風(fēng)管，它把系統(tǒng)中的各種設(shè)備或部件連成了一個(gè)整體。為了提高系統(tǒng)的經(jīng)濟(jì)性，應(yīng)合理選定風(fēng)管中的氣體流速，管路應(yīng)力求短、直。風(fēng)管通常用表面光滑的材料制作，如：薄鋼板、聚氯乙烯板，有時(shí)也用混凝土、磚等材料。
The duct that conveys gas in a ventilation system is called an air duct. It connects all kinds of equipment or components in the system into a whole. In order to improve the economy of the system, the gas flow rate in the air duct should be reasonably selected, and the stress of the pipeline should be short and straight. The duct is usually made of smooth surface materials, such as thin steel plate, PVC board, and sometimes concrete, brick and other materials.
(3)除塵、凈化設(shè)備
(3) dust removal and purification equipment
為了防止大氣污染，當(dāng)排出空氣中有害物量超過(guò)排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時(shí)，必須用凈化設(shè)備處理，達(dá)到排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)后，排人大氣。凈化設(shè)備分除塵器和有害氣體凈化裝置兩類。
In order to prevent air pollution, when the amount of harmful substances discharged from the air exceeds the discharge standard, it must be treated with purification equipment. After reaching the discharge standard, the air is discharged. Cleaning equipment is divided into two categories: dust collector and harmful gas purification device.
(4)風(fēng)機(jī)
(4) fan
風(fēng)機(jī)向機(jī)械排風(fēng)系統(tǒng)捉供空氣流動(dòng)的動(dòng)力。為了防止風(fēng)機(jī)的磨損和腐蝕，通常把它放在凈化設(shè)備的后面。
The power of the fan to catch the air flow to the mechanical exhaust system. In order to prevent fan wear and corrosion, it is usually placed behind the purification equipment.
如果只對(duì)局部地點(diǎn)進(jìn)行排風(fēng)或送風(fēng)，即局部通風(fēng);如果對(duì)整個(gè)車間進(jìn)行排風(fēng)或送風(fēng)，則為通風(fēng)。通常，按通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)的作用范圍不同，可將通風(fēng)分為局部通風(fēng)、通風(fēng)和事故通風(fēng)。局部通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)又分為局部進(jìn)風(fēng)和局部排風(fēng)兩大類，它們都是利用局部氣流，使局部工作地點(diǎn)不受有害物的污染，造成良好的空氣環(huán)境。
Local ventilation is achieved if ventilation or supply is carried out only at local locations; full ventilation is achieved if ventilation or supply is carried out throughout the workshop. Generally, ventilation can be divided into local ventilation, comprehensive ventilation and accident ventilation according to the scope of the ventilation system. Local ventilation system is divided into two categories: local air intake and local air exhaust. Both of them make use of local air flow, so that local workplaces are not polluted by harmful substances, resulting in a good air environment.
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